图为蔡和森《少年行——北上过洞庭有感》，胡问遂书

（摘自《龙华碑苑诗文赏析》）

新民学会——热血少年的浩然正气

Xinmin Committee——A Passionate Youth, Noble and Upright

少年行——北上过洞庭有感

蔡和森

大陆龙蛇起，乾坤一少年。

乡国骚扰尽，风雨送征船。

世乱吾自治，为学志转坚。

从师万里外，访友人文渊。

匡复有吾在，与人撑巨艰。

忠诚印寸心，浩然充两间。

虽无鲁阳戈，庶几挽狂澜。

凭舟衡国变，意志鼓黎元。

潭州蔚人望，洞庭证源泉。

Song of Youth

Sentiments on Going North to Dongting Lake

Cai Hesen

I am a young gentleman living on the Chinese mainland in a time of fierce fighting between powerful forces.

I left my unrest hometown on a voyaging boat sent away by storms.

In troubled times, I remain self-restrained; for seeking truth, I am determined.

Thousands of miles away, I come to learn and visit Wenyuan—my dear friend.

With me and my comrades against all odds, the rejuvenation of the country will be realized.

On our hearts engraved loyalty; with our noble spirits the world will be filled.

Even without military power, the common people can turn the tide.

Faced with radical changes in the country, the common people will be indignantly aroused.

Distinguished talents have gathered in Changsha, and the Dongting Lake has witnessed their inexhaustible wisdom.

【作者简介】

  蔡和森（1895~1931），湖南双峰人。中国无产阶级革命家，中国共产党早期领导人之一。1919年赴法勤工俭学，1921年回国，在上海加入中国共产党，在党中央从事党的理论宣传工作，中共二至四届中央委员，五、六届中央政治局委员。1931年在主持广东省委工作时被捕，同年在广州就义。

【Introduction of the author】

Cai Hesen (1895-1931), born in Shuang Feng, Hunan Province, was a Chinese proletarian revolutionist, one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China. Cai went to France on a work-study program in 1919 and returned to China in 1921. He joined the CPC in Shanghai and was engaged in publicizing the theories of the Party in the Central Committee of the CPC. He was a member of the second to fourth CPC Central Committee, and also the fifth, the sixth CPC Political Bureau. In 1931, as the leader of the work of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, he was arrested in Guangdong, and was martyred there in the same year.

【赏析】

热血少年 浩然正气

  这首诗作于1918年，当时作者和毛泽东等人在长沙创立了“新民学会”，而他们的老师杨昌济先生已在北京大学任教。他写信给毛泽东，告诉他有人发起赴法勤工俭学的消息。毛泽东主张利用这一机会，了解俄国和欧洲革命的真实情况，因此和蔡和森一起在长沙倡导和组织赴法勤工俭学，并经在长沙的“新民学会”会员共同讨论，提议由蔡和森先去北京了解情况和取得联络。1918年6月，蔡和森离开长沙赴北京，坐木船途径洞庭湖时，正逢风雨大作，因有感而发，写下了这首诗。

A passionate youth, noble and upright

This poem was written in 1918 when the author Cai Hesen, Mao Zedong and other comrades founded “Xinmin Committee” in Changsha. They learned from a letter sent by their teacher, Yang Changji, who had been teaching at Peking University at the time, about a work-study program in France. Mao advised to take this opportunity to know the truth of the Russian and European revolutions, so he and Cai together initiated and organized the enrollment for the program in Changsha. After a joint discussion with the members of the “Xinmin Community” in Changsha, it was proposed that Cai went to Beijing in advance to get more information and reach the contact person. In June 1918, Cai left Changsha for Beijing. While crossing the Dongting Lake on a wooden boat, the heavy rain and fierce wind stirred up Cai’s poetic feelings, which resulted in the poem.

“大陆龙蛇起，乾坤一少年。”开首的两句，点出了大的时代背景及本诗篇的主人翁，即作者。中国大地，各派政治力量纷争不休，南北军阀如一丘之貉，你方唱罢我登台，乱纷纷犹如龙争蛇斗。就在这么一个混乱的背景下，天地间走来了一位少年。

“I am a young gentleman living on the Chinese mainland in a time of fierce fighting between powerful forces.” The first line introduced the overall historical background and the protagonist of this poem—the author Cao Hesen. On the land of China, different political factions were fighting for power interminably. The warlords of the north and the south were birds of a feather. One would come out on top today but fall the next day with the rise of the next warlord. The constant change of power had put the country in turbulence. Against such a chaotic background came this young gentleman.

“乡国骚扰尽，风雨送征船。”道出了这位少年的来历。少年来自深受军阀骚扰的湖南，那里兵祸天灾连年不断，生灵涂炭，民不聊生，在这样的时刻这样的年代，少年肩负着使命，为了追求真理，顶风冒雨，乘舟远行，踏上了茫茫征程。

“I left my unrest hometown on a voyaging boat sent away by storms.” The stanza tells the origin of the young gentleman who came from Hunan, a province deeply harassed by warlords. Over there, military and natural disasters raged on year in and year out, making life impossible for the people. Shouldering the mission bestowed by the times and determined to pursue the truth, he boarded his boat and embarked on a long and unknown journey in spite of rain and wind.

“世乱吾自治，为学志转坚。”这两句是说少年远行的原因。在这个乱世之中，"我"要清醒地把握自己，要认清方向，为了学习道理，取得真理，“我”意志坚定。

“In troubled times, I remain self-restrained; for seeking truth, I am determined.” This stanza explains why this young gentleman went on such a long odyssey. In the troubled times, “I” must be self-restrained and make a clear distinction between the right and the wrong. “I” was so determined and resolute to learn and obtain the truth.

“从师万里外，访友人文渊。”这是远行的目的，说的就是他们后来赴法勤工俭学的事。到北京这个人文荟萃的地方，拜访老师，联络友人，了解赴法勤工俭学之事，为的是将来能到外面的世界看一看，学习西方的先进经验，学习救国救民的真理。

“Thousands of miles away, I come to learn and visit Wenyuan—my dear friend.” This line is about the aim of the long trip, that is to go on the work-study program in France. In Beijing, a place where many talents gathered, he planned to visit his teachers, get in touch with his friends, and learn more about the work-study program. By doing so, he, together with his comrades, could have a look at the outside world, and by learning the advanced experience from the West, they could find a true path to save the country and the people.

“匡复有吾在，与人撑巨艰。”国复社稷，平定乱世，自有“我”及与“我”志同道合的朋友们，“我们”一起担负起这艰巨的任务。“忠诚印寸心，浩然充两间。”描述“我”及“我”的同志们都是赤胆忠心，“我们”的浩然之气充盈于天地之间。

“With me and my comrades against all odds, the rejuvenation of the country will be realized.” The tough task of stabilizing and restoring the country would be carried out by “me” and “my” like-minded friends. “On our hearts engraved loyalty; with our noble spirits the world will be filled.” This means that “I” and “my” comrades, all dauntless and selfless, would send “our” vital spirits to drift between heaven and earth.

"虽无鲁阳戈，庶几挽狂澜。”抒发“我们”的志向，虽然手中没有鲁阳戈，即没有掌握军权，但也有决心力挽狂澜于既倒，即要把国内混乱的状况平定下来。

“Even without military power, the common people can turn the tide.” This expresses “our” ambition: although they had no army, they were still determined to turn the tide and stabilize the country.

“凭舟衡国变，意志鼓黎元。”这两句是说作者在筹划将要进行的革命事业。凭依着冲风冒雨的木舟，考虑怎样进行救国救民的事业，谋划了半天，还是认为首先应该去唤起民众，鼓动起群众的革命热情，中国的希望还在民间。

“Faced with radical changes in the country, the common people will be indignantly aroused.” This shows that the author was planning for the upcoming revolutionary cause. On the wooden boat against the wind and heavy rain, he pondered over the path for the country and for the people. After a long hard thought, he decided that the path must begin with the awakening of the people and their enthusiastic participation in the revolution. Where there is the people, there is hope.

“潭洲蔚人望，洞庭证源泉。”在长沙有一群少年人，创建了一个“新民学会”，宗旨是改造社会，改造中国，寻求救国救民的道路和方法，那里人才济济、满腔热忱，源泉滚滚的洞庭湖啊，请记住这群少年的热忱与赤胆忠心吧。

“Distinguished talents have gathered in Changsha, and the Dongting Lake has witnessed their inexhaustible wisdom.” In Changsha, a group of young people had established “Xinmin Society”, the purpose of which was to transform society and reform China, and to seek ways and means to save the country and the people. There was a lot of talented youth with enthusiasm. Oh, the billowing Dongting Lake, please do remember these young gentlemen, their enthusiasm and utter devotion.

这首诗热情洋溢，一气呵成，层次分明，描写清晰。从时代背景，到少年的远行，从少年远行的原因和目的，到少年的抱负和志向，一层进一层，叙事与抒情相结合，塑造了一位热血少年的形象，表现出早期无产阶级革命家的风采和豪情，作者的全部热情和精神尽在诗中。

This poem, written at a heat, is ebullient, well-arranged and lucid. It begins with the historical background to the young gentleman’s long journey, moves on to the reasons and purposes of it and climaxes with his aspirations and ambitions. By combining narrative and lyricism, the poem has created the image of a passionate youth, showing the grace and pride of the early proletarian revolutionaries. The author’s enthusiasm and spirit run in every line of the poem.